1. Check vehicle service information for any special procedures for piston retraction, electronic brake assist system deactivation or proportioning/metering valve reset.
1. Check vehicle service information for any special procedures for piston retraction, electronic brake assist system deactivation or proportioning/metering valve reset.
The leading cause of IWE failure is water finding its way into the vacuum lines under the hood and in the wheel well.
Ford’s Integrated Wheel End (IWE) first hit the market in 2004 on the F-150, Expedition and Lincoln Navigator. An IWE allows the front wheels to rotate while the front axles do not move and turn the front differential. This helps to improve fuel economy.
Compared to the older vacuum actuated locking hubs, IWEs operate in reverse. When in 2WD mode, a vacuum is applied to the IWE unit. This pulls a splined collar called the clutch ring back that disconnects the axle from the hub unit and front wheels. When the vacuum is not present like in 4WD mode, the splined clutch ring connects the axle to the hub unit. The system is designed to allow for 4WD operation as a default, even if the solenoid is not working or is leaking.
Hydroboost brake systems are self-bleeding if there is no other problem in the system.
The parking brake and hydraulics are where you’ll find any service issues.
For a vacuum brake booster to work, it needs a source of vacuum.
Here are a few tips to follow when diagnosing brake pull during a test drive.
Coverage for popular Audi, BMW, Mini, Volkswagen, Volvo models.
Regenerative braking is a hybrid’s first choice for braking.
The ABS module and HCU are the heart of any ABS or stability control system.
The gold standard of brake noise testing is the Society of Automotive Engineers J2521. Sponsored by Akebono Brakes.